Neuroscience diseases

Analyses grouped by
disease classification.

Fifteen clinical categories, each mapped to the Neuron Lab modules that best model, quantify, or diagnose the phenotype. Every module listed here is runnable in the platform.

Classification 1
9 analysises

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Progressive loss of neurons over time.

Alzheimer's diseaseParkinson's diseaseALSHuntington's disease

Attractor recall, altered excitability, polygenic risk, rare-variant burden, differential expression, and epigenetic aging capture the network, cellular, and molecular signatures of neurodegeneration.

hopfield
Hopfield associative memory

Discrete Hopfield network with Hebbian weights. Recalls a stored ±1 pattern from a noisy probe and reports energy descent and per-pattern overlaps.

adex
Adaptive exponential IF (AdEx)

Brette–Gerstner adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neuron with subthreshold and spike-triggered adaptation. Returns V(t), w(t), spike raster and firing rate.

kuramoto
Kuramoto oscillator network

N phase oscillators with all-to-all coupling. Tracks the Kuramoto order parameter r(t) and detects synchronization vs incoherence.

prs_score
Polygenic risk score (PRS)

Additive PRS across risk variants under HWE; distribution, summary stats and top-effect variants.

gwasother
burden_test
Rare-variant burden test

Collapse rare variants per individual; test carrier enrichment in cases vs. controls with Fisher's exact.

gwasother
deg
Differential expression

Compare expression between two groups of cells/samples; volcano + table.

scrna
meth_age
Methylation age (Horvath-style clock)

Weighted linear methylation-age predictor with per-sample chronological vs. predicted age, MAE, RMSE and Pearson r.

other
atlas_expr
Brain atlas expression

Region-level expression browsing across a brain atlas.

other
kaplan_meier
Kaplan–Meier survival + log-rank

Survival curves per group with log-rank hypothesis test.

other
Classification 2
6 analysises

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Disorders affecting blood vessels supplying the brain.

StrokeTransient ischemic attackCerebral aneurysmVascular dementia

Resting-state fluctuations (ALFF), seed connectivity, spectral disruption, and survival modeling quantify vascular-driven functional loss and outcomes.

alff
ALFF / fALFF per region

Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and fractional ALFF from BOLD time series.

fmri
seed_connectivity
Seed-based functional connectivity

Correlation map from a seed region to all others in a BOLD time-series matrix.

fmri
spectral
LFP / EEG spectral analysis

Power spectral density and band power from a continuous signal.

eegephys
reho
Regional Homogeneity (ReHo)

Kendall's W concordance across each region and its neighbours in a BOLD time × region matrix.

fmriother
cox_ph
Cox proportional hazards

Univariate survival regression with hazard ratio, Wald test, partial likelihood, and concordance.

other
kaplan_meier
Kaplan–Meier survival + log-rank

Survival curves per group with log-rank hypothesis test.

other
Classification 3
5 analysises

Demyelinating Diseases

Damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.

Multiple sclerosisNeuromyelitis opticaADEM

Conduction disruption manifests as altered functional connectivity, spatial component structure, and graph topology across brain networks.

fmri_fc
fMRI functional connectivity

Region-by-region correlation matrix and graph summary from BOLD time series.

fmri
ica
Independent Component Analysis (FastICA)

FastICA on multichannel signals (e.g. BOLD, EEG) with logcosh nonlinearity.

fmrieegephys
reho
Regional Homogeneity (ReHo)

Kendall's W concordance across each region and its neighbours in a BOLD time × region matrix.

fmriother
connectome_metrics
Connectome graph metrics

Density, degree distribution, clustering and hubs from a connectivity matrix.

connectome
seed_connectivity
Seed-based functional connectivity

Correlation map from a seed region to all others in a BOLD time-series matrix.

fmri
Classification 4
6 analysises

Epileptic Disorders

Characterized by recurrent seizures.

EpilepsyFocal epilepsyGeneralized epilepsy

Wilson–Cowan captures ictal bifurcations; Hodgkin–Huxley models hyperexcitable dynamics; spectral and time-frequency tools localize onset in EEG/LFP.

wilson_cowan
Wilson–Cowan E/I dynamics

Two-population excitatory–inhibitory rate model with sigmoid activation. Simulates E(t), I(t), reports fixed-point vs limit-cycle behaviour and the dominant oscillation frequency.

hh_neuron
Hodgkin-Huxley neuron

Simulate a single HH neuron under step-current injection and measure spiking.

spectral
LFP / EEG spectral analysis

Power spectral density and band power from a continuous signal.

eegephys
stft_spectrogram
Time-frequency spectrogram (STFT)

Short-time Fourier transform with band power over time for EEG/LFP.

eegephys
cross_correlogram
Spike cross-correlogram

Pairwise coincident-spike histogram between two spike trains.

ephys
morris_lecar
Morris–Lecar neuron

Conductance-based Ca²⁺/K⁺ model of a barnacle muscle fiber. Produces V(t), gating variable n(t), spike times and firing rate under step current.

Classification 5
5 analysises

Movement Disorders

Affect voluntary movement.

Parkinson's diseaseEssential tremorDystoniaAtaxiaTourette syndrome

Kuramoto captures pathological β-band synchrony; Izhikevich and Hindmarsh–Rose reproduce tremor-like bursting; ring attractors model motor drift.

kuramoto
Kuramoto oscillator network

N phase oscillators with all-to-all coupling. Tracks the Kuramoto order parameter r(t) and detects synchronization vs incoherence.

izhikevich
Izhikevich neuron

Izhikevich 2-variable model with canonical cortical regimes — regular spiking (RS), intrinsically bursting (IB), chattering (CH), fast spiking (FS), and low-threshold spiking (LTS). Returns V(t), rate, spike raster.

hindmarsh_rose
Hindmarsh–Rose bursting neuron

3-variable model producing spikes, bursts and chaotic dynamics. Reports spikes per burst, burst count and (x, z) phase-plane trajectory.

adex
Adaptive exponential IF (AdEx)

Brette–Gerstner adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neuron with subthreshold and spike-triggered adaptation. Returns V(t), w(t), spike raster and firing rate.

ring_attractor
Ring attractor network

1-D ring of rate neurons with Mexican-hat coupling. Forms a persistent activity bump that encodes a stimulus angle after the input is removed.

Classification 6
5 analysises

Neuromuscular Diseases

Affect peripheral nerves, muscles, or neuromuscular junction.

Myasthenia gravisMuscular dystrophiesPeripheral neuropathyCharcot-Marie-Tooth

AdEx and LIF quantify rheobase and firing collapse; Morris–Lecar models NMJ excitability; spike statistics assess motor unit output.

adex
Adaptive exponential IF (AdEx)

Brette–Gerstner adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neuron with subthreshold and spike-triggered adaptation. Returns V(t), w(t), spike raster and firing rate.

lif_neuron
Integrate-and-fire neuron

Leaky integrate-and-fire neuron f-I curve and voltage trace.

morris_lecar
Morris–Lecar neuron

Conductance-based Ca²⁺/K⁺ model of a barnacle muscle fiber. Produces V(t), gating variable n(t), spike times and firing rate under step current.

spike_stats
Spike-train statistics

ISI distribution, firing rate, CV and Fano factor from a spike train.

ephys
psth
Peri-stimulus time histogram

Event-triggered firing rate around triggers.

ephys
Classification 7
5 analysises

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Begin during brain development.

Autism spectrum disorderADHDCerebral palsyIntellectual disability

E/I balance (Wilson–Cowan), plasticity (STDP), spiking network dynamics, and connectome topology probe cortical circuit development.

wilson_cowan
Wilson–Cowan E/I dynamics

Two-population excitatory–inhibitory rate model with sigmoid activation. Simulates E(t), I(t), reports fixed-point vs limit-cycle behaviour and the dominant oscillation frequency.

snn_sim
Spiking network (LIF)

Recurrent excitatory/inhibitory LIF network; population dynamics and raster.

stdp
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)

Classical exponential STDP learning window — Δw = A+·exp(−Δt/τ+) for pre→post and Δw = −A−·exp(Δt/τ−) for post→pre. Returns full Δw(Δt) curve, LTP/LTD peaks and areas.

connectome_metrics
Connectome graph metrics

Density, degree distribution, clustering and hubs from a connectivity matrix.

connectome
fmri_fc
fMRI functional connectivity

Region-by-region correlation matrix and graph summary from BOLD time series.

fmri
Classification 8
7 analysises

Neurogenetic Disorders

Caused primarily by inherited genetic mutations.

Huntington's diseaseSpinal muscular atrophyRett syndromeFragile X

Polygenic risk, rare-variant burden, eQTL scans, heritability regression, GWAS QC, and ancestry PCA are the core molecular readouts.

prs_score
Polygenic risk score (PRS)

Additive PRS across risk variants under HWE; distribution, summary stats and top-effect variants.

gwasother
burden_test
Rare-variant burden test

Collapse rare variants per individual; test carrier enrichment in cases vs. controls with Fisher's exact.

gwasother
gwas
Neuro-GWAS association

Single-variant case/control association with a Manhattan plot and top hits.

gwas
qq_lambda
GWAS QQ plot + λ (genomic inflation)

QQ plot of observed vs expected -log10 p-values with genomic inflation factor.

gwasother
eqtl_scan
cis-eQTL scan

Per-SNP linear regression of expression on genotype dosage with BH-FDR; reports top SNP and significant hits.

gwasother
heritability_ldsc
Heritability regression (LDSC-style)

Regress χ² on LD score to estimate SNP-heritability ĥ² and intercept, following the LDSC framework.

gwasother
pop_strat
Population stratification (genotype PCA)

Top PCs on a standardised genotype matrix to reveal population structure.

gwasother
Classification 9
7 analysises

Neuroinfectious Diseases

Caused by infections of the nervous system.

MeningitisEncephalitisBrain abscessPrion diseases

Pathogen sequence QC, variant statistics, k-mer profiles, ORF discovery, and phylogeny characterize infectious agents in CSF/tissue samples.

seq_stats
Sequence QC (FASTA/FASTQ)

Read counts, GC%, N50, length distribution, mean quality from FASTA/FASTQ.

other
vcf_stats
VCF variant statistics

Ts/Tv, het/hom, SNP vs indel counts, and allele-frequency spectrum from VCF.

gwasother
kmer_spectrum
k-mer frequency spectrum

Distinct/total k-mers, top-k table, and occurrence histogram from sequences.

other
orf_finder
ORF finder + codon usage

Six-frame ORF discovery on a DNA sequence with codon-usage table.

other
nj_tree
Neighbor-joining phylogeny

Neighbor-joining tree from a square distance matrix; returns Newick string.

other
motif_enrichment
Motif enrichment (k-mer overrepresentation)

k-mer counts in foreground vs background sequences with binomial p and BH-FDR.

other
nw_alignment
Pairwise alignment (Needleman–Wunsch)

Global pairwise sequence alignment with configurable match/mismatch/gap scores.

other
Classification 10
5 analysises

Neuroimmune Disorders

Immune system attacks nervous tissue.

Multiple sclerosisAutoimmune encephalitisGuillain–Barré syndrome

Differential expression, gene-set enrichment, and supervised classifiers separate autoimmune signatures from controls in transcriptomic data.

deg
Differential expression

Compare expression between two groups of cells/samples; volcano + table.

scrna
enrichment
Gene-set enrichment (hypergeometric)

Over-representation of pathways via hypergeometric test + BH-FDR.

other
logistic_regression
Logistic regression (IRLS)

Binary logistic regression via Newton-Raphson; coefficients, z, p, AUC.

other
random_forest
Random forest classifier

Bagged decision-tree ensemble with √d random feature subset per split; returns training and out-of-bag accuracy plus per-class metrics. Input: numeric matrix, label = last column.

other
gradient_boosting
Gradient boosting regressor

Gradient boosting with regression stumps (squared-error loss) and learning-rate shrinkage; returns MSE, RMSE, R² and sample predictions. Input: numeric matrix, target = last column.

other
Classification 11
5 analysises

Traumatic Nervous System Disorders

Result from injury.

Traumatic brain injurySpinal cord injuryConcussion

ERPs, spectrograms, spectral changes, and graph-theoretic disruption quantify functional impact of trauma across acute and chronic phases.

erp
Event-related potential (ERP)

Trial-averaged waveform around event markers with bootstrap 95% CI.

eegephys
stft_spectrogram
Time-frequency spectrogram (STFT)

Short-time Fourier transform with band power over time for EEG/LFP.

eegephys
spectral
LFP / EEG spectral analysis

Power spectral density and band power from a continuous signal.

eegephys
connectome_metrics
Connectome graph metrics

Density, degree distribution, clustering and hubs from a connectivity matrix.

connectome
seed_connectivity
Seed-based functional connectivity

Correlation map from a seed region to all others in a BOLD time-series matrix.

fmri
Classification 12
8 analysises

Brain Tumors (Neuro-oncology)

Benign or malignant tumors of the nervous system.

GlioblastomaMeningiomaAstrocytomaMedulloblastoma

Tumor scRNA-seq QC, differential expression, dimensionality reduction, unsupervised clustering, and survival modeling map heterogeneity and outcomes.

scrna_qc
scRNA-seq QC & filtering

Per-cell QC metrics and MAD-based outlier filtering for single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq.

scrna
deg
Differential expression

Compare expression between two groups of cells/samples; volcano + table.

scrna
tsne
t-SNE 2D embedding

Non-linear dimensionality reduction to a 2D map (exact O(N²) t-SNE).

scrnaother
kmeans
K-means clustering

k-means++ initialization + Lloyd's algorithm; labels, centroids, inertia.

other
hclust
Hierarchical clustering (agglomerative)

Agglomerative clustering with average/single/complete linkage; flat cut at k.

other
kaplan_meier
Kaplan–Meier survival + log-rank

Survival curves per group with log-rank hypothesis test.

other
cox_ph
Cox proportional hazards

Univariate survival regression with hazard ratio, Wald test, partial likelihood, and concordance.

other
gradient_boosting
Gradient boosting regressor

Gradient boosting with regression stumps (squared-error loss) and learning-rate shrinkage; returns MSE, RMSE, R² and sample predictions. Input: numeric matrix, target = last column.

other
Classification 13
5 analysises

Headache and Pain Disorders

Disorders where pain is the primary symptom.

MigraineCluster headacheTrigeminal neuralgia

EEG spectral power, ERPs, PSTHs of nociceptive responses, and non-parametric group tests characterize pain-related neural activity.

spectral
LFP / EEG spectral analysis

Power spectral density and band power from a continuous signal.

eegephys
erp
Event-related potential (ERP)

Trial-averaged waveform around event markers with bootstrap 95% CI.

eegephys
psth
Peri-stimulus time histogram

Event-triggered firing rate around triggers.

ephys
mann_whitney
Mann–Whitney U (Wilcoxon rank-sum)

Non-parametric two-sample test with tie-corrected normal approximation.

other
wilcoxon_signed_rank
Wilcoxon signed-rank (paired)

Non-parametric paired-sample test with tie correction.

other
Classification 14
5 analysises

Sleep Disorders

Disorders affecting sleep regulation.

NarcolepsyInsomniaREM sleep behavior disorder

Sleep staging via HMM decoding, spectrograms, band-limited spectral power, and oscillator coupling probe circadian and ultradian dynamics.

hmm_decode
Hidden Markov decoding

Scaled forward-backward posteriors plus Viterbi state decoding for discrete observations.

ephyseegother
stft_spectrogram
Time-frequency spectrogram (STFT)

Short-time Fourier transform with band power over time for EEG/LFP.

eegephys
spectral
LFP / EEG spectral analysis

Power spectral density and band power from a continuous signal.

eegephys
kuramoto
Kuramoto oscillator network

N phase oscillators with all-to-all coupling. Tracks the Kuramoto order parameter r(t) and detects synchronization vs incoherence.

acf
Autocorrelation function

Biased autocorrelation estimator with Bartlett 95% white-noise confidence band for signal analysis.

ephyseegfmriother
Classification 15
7 analysises

Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Disorders involving brain function, cognition, and behavior.

Major depressionSchizophreniaBipolar disorderAnxietyOCD

Reduced γ-band synchrony (Kuramoto), altered functional connectivity, ICA components, Granger causality, attractor recall, and polygenic risk together capture psychiatric endophenotypes.

kuramoto
Kuramoto oscillator network

N phase oscillators with all-to-all coupling. Tracks the Kuramoto order parameter r(t) and detects synchronization vs incoherence.

fmri_fc
fMRI functional connectivity

Region-by-region correlation matrix and graph summary from BOLD time series.

fmri
seed_connectivity
Seed-based functional connectivity

Correlation map from a seed region to all others in a BOLD time-series matrix.

fmri
ica
Independent Component Analysis (FastICA)

FastICA on multichannel signals (e.g. BOLD, EEG) with logcosh nonlinearity.

fmrieegephys
granger
Granger causality (bivariate)

Tests whether x's past improves prediction of y beyond y's past (VAR + F-test).

ephyseegfmriother
hopfield
Hopfield associative memory

Discrete Hopfield network with Hebbian weights. Recalls a stored ±1 pattern from a noisy probe and reports energy descent and per-pattern overlaps.

prs_score
Polygenic risk score (PRS)

Additive PRS across risk variants under HWE; distribution, summary stats and top-effect variants.

gwasother

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